Over the summer, light brown to black discolorations appear on the roots, merging into larger patches that may affect the entire root system. Some plants may only have root stumps remaining. Stem rot is evident as pale green to brown discoloration, with early dryness symptoms. The stem base may become mossy and hollow. Strong winds and rainfall can cause the plants to bend at the base, resulting in high yield losses. Additional losses were caused by fewer grains per cob and reduced starch content.
The fungi overwinter on plant remains in the soil and on seeds. Primary infections can occur via the roots or stems, sometimes transmitted by wind. The infestation often becomes apparent after cob formation. Severe drought followed by a wet autumn, uneven fertilization, or high liquid manure levels can promote the disease. Narrow crop rotations or damage caused by pests like corn borers or hail also increase the risk.
Chemical control is possible through seed dressing. Varieties with good Fusarium resistance should be selected. Additional measures include timely harvesting, balanced fertilization, and crop rotations that avoid maize or cereals as preceding crops. Managing corn borer populations and ensuring quick and complete decomposition of maize stubble is crucial.