Damage Pattern
Ear rot is caused by several pathogens and is typically recognized by whitish to pink, cinnamon-coloured coatings on the cobs. A dense fungal network can cover the cob, and the grains underneath can turn red to brown and rot, sometimes splitting open. As the infection progresses, the rachis and pith turn yellowish and brittle. The fungus can cause significant yield and quality losses, and some Fusarium species produce mycotoxins, making the crop unsuitable for food or animal feed.
Biology
The pathogens persist on seeds and plant residues, spread by wind and rain. The spores can reach the stigma threads and germinate. Infection conditions are favourable during cool, rainy late summer and fall. Damage caused by pests like corn borers, frost, or birds also facilitates secondary infection by Fusarium.
Control
There is no direct control with fungicides. Management includes a diverse crop rotation, quick decomposition of corn stubble, and careful ploughing. Choosing early-maturing varieties can also help, as they are often less susceptible. Proper harvest timing and immediate drying of maize are crucial to prevent further spread in storage.